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This article is about the phonology of the Lithuanian language. Lithuanian has a phonemic inventory consisting of eleven vowels and 45 consonants, including 22 pairs of consonants distinguished by the presence or absence of palatalization. ==Consonants== All Lithuanian consonants except have two variants: the non-palatalized one represented by the IPA symbols in the chart, and the palatalized one (i.e., – , – , – , and so on). The consonants , , and their palatalized variants are only found in loanwords. Consonants preceding the front vowels , , , and , as well as any palatalized consonant or are always moderately palatalized (a feature Lithuanian has in common with the Belarusian and Russian languages but which is not present in the more closely related Latvian). Followed by back vowels , , , , , and , consonants can also be palatalized (causing some vowels to shift; see the Vowels section below); in such cases, the standard orthography inserts the letter ''i'' between the vowel and the preceding consonant (which is not pronounced separately), e.g. ''noriu'' , ('I want'). Most of the non-palatalized and palatalized consonants form minimal pairs (like ''šuo'' , 'dog' ~ ''šiuo'' , 'with this one'), so they are independent phonemes, rather than allophones.〔Adapted from ''Lituanus'' (Lituanus.org )〕 * All consonants are labialized before the back vowels . The hard alveolar fricatives are also somewhat labialized in other positions. * All of the hard consonants (especially ) are velarized. * are laminal denti-alveolar . * * are alveolar before . * has been variously described as palatalized laminal denti-alveolar 〔 and palatalized laminal alveolar . * have been variously described as: * *Alveolo-palatal * * Palatalized laminal denti-alveolar with alveolar allophones before . * Word-final and sometimes also are aspirated . * are dentalized laminal alveolar , pronounced with the blade of the tongue very close to the upper front teeth, with the tip of the tongue resting behind lower front teeth. * as well as are laminal alveolar. The former are velarized, whereas the latter are palatalized ("palato-alveolar"). * have been variously described as fricatives 〔 and approximants . * is velarized laminal denti-alveolar . * has been variously described as palatalized alveolar 〔 and palatalized laminal denti-alveolar .〔〔 * has been variously described as an approximant 〔 and a fricative .〔〔 * are apical alveolar .〔 * Before , is realized as velar . Likewise, before , is realized as .〔〔Girdenis, Aleksas.''Teoriniai lietuvių fonologijos pagrindai'' (''The theoretical basics of the phonology of Lithuanian'', in Lithuanian), 2nd Edition, Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos inst., 2003. pp. 68–72. ISBN 5-420-01501-3〕 * is sometimes realized as . Since the palatalized variant is always velar , is preferred over .〔A. Pakerys. "Bendrinės lietuvių kalbos fonetika" Vilnius, 1995〕 * Plosives have no audible release before other plosives. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Lithuanian phonology」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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